Charles Gustavus Anderson was one of four mutineers sentenced to hanging in 1844 for acts aboard the British barque Saladin. Captain "Sandy" Mackenzie of the Saladin primarily traded guano between South America and Britain. While lying in Valparaiso, Mackenzie offered free passage to a stranded British shipmaster George Fielding and his young son. Once near the equator, the Fieldings organized a mutiny with the aim of seizing some of the 70 tons of copper, 13 bars of silver, and $9000 in gold and silver coins. At least three of the eight remaining crewmen joined the Fieldings in killing Captain Mackenzie, his chief mate, and four other seamen
The barbarity of the act, and George Fielding's plot to further reduce the remaining crew, appears to have shocked the ringleaders. They threw the Fieldings overboard but continued toward the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to divide the bounty. Without a skilled navigator, however, the Saladin ran aground near County Harbour, Nova Scotia on May 21, 1844. The suspicious circumstances led to charges of piracy and murder in what became the last Canadian piracy trial. Four men were found guilty and sentenced to the gallows over Halifax Harbor, and at least one balladist put the predicament of mutineer Charles Gustavus Anderson to song.
The extra syllables, and particularly the singing of words like "when" as "whedn", is very indicative of the older Nova Scotia singers. Doerflinger took a short version from the singing of Herbert Hinchey and provided an apparently complete copy from an unidentified paper donated by another Nova Scotia man. The paper ascribes the ballad to "the late Joseph Keating, Sr., of Pennant, Halifax County, N.S." Helen Creighton quotes an account from the 1924 Acadian Recorder that implies multiple versions of the song were written by "Mr. Forhan" who saw the mutineers hanged when he was six years old.
The tale remained popular in Nova Scotia, passed on orally. For another song about the mutineers, see George Jones in Adventure magazine, October 20, 1925.